The Ancients, who, what, were?

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Divers probe Mayan ruins submerged in Guatemala lake Scuba divers are exploring the depths of a volcanic lake in Guatemala to find clues about an ancient sacred island where Mayan pilgrims flocked to worship before it was submerged by rising waters.Samabaj, the first underwater archaeological ruins excavated in Guatemala, were discovered accidentally 12 years ago by a diver exploring picturesque Lake Atitlan, ringed by Mayan villages and popular with foreign tourists. Researchers believe this area, 50 feet below the lake's surface, was once an island until a catastrophic event, like a volcanic eruption or landslide, raised water levels.The rising lake drowned the buildings around 250 A.D., before the height of the Mayan empire, and ceramics found intact there suggest the inhabitants left in a hurry.

The Forgotten city of Mirador

World's oldest submerged town dates back 5,000 years Archaeologists surveying the world's oldest submerged town have found ceramics dating back to the Final Neolithic. Their discovery suggests that Pavlopetri, off the southern Laconia coast of Greece, was occupied some 5,000 years ago — at least 1,200 years earlier than originally thought.

Bolivia pyramid archaeological makeover disappoints Eager to attract more tourists, the town of Tiwanaku in the Bolivian Andes has spruced-up the ancient Akapana pyramid with adobe instead of stone, in what some experts are calling a renovation fiasco.Now, the Akapana pyramid risks losing its designation as a U.N. World Heritage Site, and there is concern the makeover could even cause its collapse.

10/9/09

Discovery sheds new light on Stonehenge British archaeologists have found the remains of a massive stone henge, or ceremonial circle, that was part of the ancient and celebrated Stonehenge complex, a find that is shedding new light on how the monument was built and its religious uses.

The new henge, called Bluestonehenge because it was built with blue Preseli dolerite mined more than 150 miles away in Wales, was on the banks of the River Avon, where ancient pilgrims carrying the ashes of their dead relatives began the journey from the river to Stonehenge, nearly two miles away. Some are calling it the "little sister" of Stonehenge.

 

 

 

 

 

10/8/09

The Fall of the Maya: "They Did it to Themselves" October 6, 2009: For 1200 years, the Maya dominated Central America. At their peak around 900 A.D., Maya cities teemed with more than 2,000 people per square mile -- comparable to modern Los Angeles County. Even in rural areas the Maya numbered 200 to 400 people per square mile. But suddenly, all was quiet. And the profound silence testified to one of the greatest demographic disasters in human prehistory -- the demise of the once vibrant Maya society.

What happened? Some NASA-funded researchers think they have a pretty good idea.

"They did it to themselves," says veteran archeologist Tom Sever.

 

10/7/09

Numerous evidence of Pre-Historic Nuclear War exists by Brad Steiger

Ancient Indian Epics, especially the Mahabharata, document apparent pre-historic nuclear devastation and destruction, that is being verified by diverse scholars.

“Then the Lord rained down fire and tar from heaven upon Sodom and Gomorrah, and utterly destroyed them….” Genesis 19:24.

My previous article in The Canadian , in which I reflected upon my book Worlds Before Our Own, provoked dozens of inquiries from readers. LINK Some stated that one of the cable channels -- some thought it was the History Channel; others, Discovery; still others, National Geographic -- had presented “proof” that the “fused green glass” to be found in various areas had been created by meteoric air blasts rather than prehistoric nuclear wars. read the story at the link

10/3/09

English archaeologists find new prehistoric site Archaeologists have discovered a smaller prehistoric (believed to date back 5,000 years) site near Britain's Stonehenge.Researchers have dubbed the site "Bluehenge," after the color of the 27 Welsh stones that were laid to make up a path. The stones have disappeared but the path of holes remains.

10/1/09

Our Stone Age ancestors wore bright and garish clothes They are normally pictured wearing drab furs and skins. But an astonishing new discovery suggests that our Stone Age ancestors had a taste for garish, colourful clothes.Archaeologists have uncovered an extraordinary haul of pink, turquoise and black fibres that were used to make thread more than 34,000 years ago.The flax fibres, which were buried in a cave in the hills of the Republic of Georgia, were discovered by an international team of fossil hunters.

9/24/09

Largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon treasure found in UK An amateur treasure hunter prowling English farmland with a metal detector stumbled upon the largest Anglo-Saxon treasure ever found, a massive seventh-century hoard of gold and silver sword decorations, crosses and other items, British archaeologists said Thursday.

One expert said the treasure found by 55-year-old Terry Herbert would revolutionize understanding of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people who ruled England from the fifth century until the Norman conquest in 1066. Another said the find would rank among Britain's best-known historic treasures.

Pictures of Anglo-Saxon hoard

9/22/09

An Ancient Fortress on the Island Deep inside Siberia there is a lake, one of thousands others. And in the middle of this lake there is a small island. And on this island people have found an ancient fortress, which is dated more than 1500 years old. Excavations are needed in order to reveal all its view for visitors, but even now from the air its a nice site in different times of the year. First part of photos were made during short Siberian summer:

 

 

 

 

 

9/17/09

Lady Dai tomb among richest finds in China history Lady Dai was a Chinese nobleman's wife in her mid-50s when she died of a heart attack. She was overweight, had diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, liver disease, gallstones and her arteries were almost totally clogged.She didn't live the healthiest life but she left behind one of the most perfectly preserved bodies in history. She was buried about 2,100 years ago. Her tomb was found in the early 1970s on Mawangdui, a hill in Changsha, near the capital of Hunan Province in China. More than 1,400 equally well-preserved artifacts found around her were designed to help her in the afterlife.

8/16/09

Ancient royal tomb found in Scotland Hidden beneath a four-ton slab of rock and surrounded by ancient carved symbols of prehistoric power, a spectacular high-status potentially royal tomb, dating back 4,000 years, has been discovered by archaeologists in Scotland.he find – of international importance – is unique in Britain. The excavations at Forteviot, near Perth, have yielded the remains of an early Bronze Age ruler buried on a bed of white quartz pebbles and birch bark with at least a dozen personal possessions – including a bronze and gold dagger, a bronze knife, a wooden bowl and a leather bag.

8/3/09

Scientists uncover lost Venetian city Venice, the floating city, owes a curious debt to Attila the Hun. " The Scourge of God" sent the Venetians fleeing in 452 A.D. from their city, Altinum, to found Venice deep in the marshes on the edge of the Adriatic. But despite the best efforts of Attila (and the Venetians, who carted away the stones of their sacked home to build Venice), archaeologists have mapped the lost city, detailed in the current Science.

7/28/09

Mysterious ancient altar found in Roman fort This 1.5-ton, four-foot high carved stone relic shows a godlike figure standing on a bull, with a thunderbolt in one hand and a battle axe in the other. It is a representation of the Anatolian god Juppiter of Doliche, which was believed to be a favorite deity among Roman soldiers.The Romans built the defensive wall across the north of Britain from Carlisle to Newcastle-on-Tyne, to keep out invading armies from what is now Scotland.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7/26/09

Fishing boat finds oldest underwater human bone A fishing boat trawling for mussels off the Dutch coast has instead landed a 40,000 year-old human bone, German scientists said on Sunday after examining the find.Anthropologists from the University of Leipzig in eastern Germany confirmed that the forehead bone was "at least 40,000 years old and therefore the oldest ever found underwater," according to August's edition of GEO magazine. When he lived, the Netherlands and Britain were one land mass.

7/21/09

EXPERTS DISCOVER SIX KILOMETERS OF CAVES IN EASTER ISLAND A team of experts recently discovered a six-kilometer-long lava cave system on Easter Island thought to have been used as a refuge by the island’s inhabitants during the 16th century. The team confirmed it is the largest cave on the island and the 11th-largest in the world in terms of area. The expedition, which began in 2005 and focused on the Roiho sector in the east of the island, uncovered 45 caves with a host of archaeological finds, including arrowheads, spears, axes, utensils, petroglyphs (rock engravings), and some 30 human skeletons. Cave experts, or speleologists, confirmed the caves were used by inhabitants of the island as refuge from tribal wars at a time when society was on the verge of collapse as a result of infighting, severe environmental degradation caused by deforestation, droughts, and famine.   

7/3/09

Remnants of the lost continent found on a Greek Island Archeologists make discoveries in Greece on a regular basis. Yet the latest news regarding the find on Andros, the most northern island of 56 islands comprising the Cyclades, is quite a sensation, according to specialists. A team of scientists discovered the ruins of a city at the excavation site on Andros. The ruins date back to 1900 B.C., the Bronze Age.

6/26/09

Ancient flutes more than 35,000 Scientists discovered remains of the instruments in a German cave once populated by some of the first modern humans to settle in Europe after leaving Africa.The most significant discovery was a complete flute made from a griffon vulture bone.Measuring 21.8cm, with a diameter of about 8mm, the instrument has five finger holes and two deep V-shaped notches at one end

 

 

 

 

 

6/17/09

CU-Boulder study shows Maya intensively cultivated manioc 1,400 A University of Colorado at Boulder team has uncovered an ancient and previously unknown Maya agricultural system -- a large manioc field intensively cultivated as a staple crop that was buried and exquisitely preserved under a blanket of ash by a volcanic eruption in present-day El Salvador 1,400 years ago.Evidence shows the manioc field -- at least one-third the size of a football field -- was harvested just days before the eruption of the Loma Caldera volcano near San Salvador in roughly A.D. 600, said CU-Boulder anthropology Professor Payson Sheets, who is directing excavations at the ancient village of Ceren. The cultivated field of manioc was discovered adjacent to Ceren, which was buried under 17 feet of ash and is considered the best preserved ancient farming village in all of Latin America.

Report of the 2009 Maya Agriculture Project, South of Joya de Cerén, El Salvador

6/16/09

Ancient mass grave found on Olympics site LONDON (Reuters) – An ancient burial pit containing 45 severed skulls, that could be a mass war grave dating back to Roman times, has been found under a road being built for the 2012 British Olympics.Archaeologists, who have only just begun excavating the site, say they do not yet know who the bones might belong to."We think that these dismembered bodies are likely to be native Iron Age Britons. The question is -- how did they die and who killed them," said dig head, David Score, of Oxford Archaeology."Were they fighting amongst themselves? Were they executed by the Romans? Did they die in a battle with the Romans?

NOW IF YOU WANT TO GET REALLY REALLY OLD...THE TOP STORY OF THE DAY MAY 23, 2009

Fossil Ida: extraordinary find is 'missing link' in human evolution Scientists have discovered an exquisitely preserved ancient primate fossil that they believe forms a crucial "missing link" between our own evolutionary branch of life and the rest of the animal kingdom.

The 47m-year-old primate – named Ida – has been hailed as the fossil equivalent of a "Rosetta Stone" for understanding the critical early stages of primate evolution

 

35,000-year-old ivory carving found Maria Malina, scientific employee, presents the photo of a carved ivory female figurine during its presentation in Tuebingen, southern Germany, Wednesday, May 13, 2009. The figurine, found in 2008 in a cave in Schelklingen, southern Germany is allegedly the world's oldest reproduction of a human with an estimated age of at least 35,000 years.

 

 

Artificial Intelligence Cracks 4,000 Year Old An ancient script that’s defied generations of archaeologists has yielded some of its secrets to artificially intelligent computers.Computational analysis of symbols used 4,000 years ago by a long-lost Indus Valley civilization suggests they represent a spoken language.Rao’s team used pattern-analyzing software running what’s known as a Markov model, a computational tool used to map system dynamics. Some frustrated linguists thought the symbols were merely pretty pictures.more at the link

New ancient Egypt temples discovered in Sinai Archaeologists exploring an old military road in the Sinai have unearthed four new temples amidst the 3,000-year-old remains of an ancient fortified city that could have been used to impress foreign delegations visiting Egypt, antiquities authorities announced Tuesday.Among the discoveries was the largest mud brick temple found in the Sinai with an area of 70 by 80 meters (77 by 87 yards) and fortified with mud walls 3 meters (10 feet) thick, said Zahi Hawass, chief of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities.This undated hand out picture released Tuesday April 21, 2009, by Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities shows Pharaonic King Ramses II, right and Geb, god of earth, carved on a wall at one of four recently unearthed new temples in Qantara amidst the 3,000-year-old remains of an ancient fortified city that could have been used to impress foreign delegations visiting Egypt, antiquities authorities announced Tuesday April 21, 2009.

Is this Cleopatra's skull? The thrilling finds at the dig to discover Egypt's lost queen Archaeologists searching for the lost bodies of doomed lovers Cleopatra and Mark Antony have made a number of important discoveries.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Study: China's Great Wall is longer than thought BEIJING – The Great Wall of China is even greater than once thought.A two-year government mapping study has uncovered new sections of the ancient Chinese monument that total about 180 miles (290 kilometers), according to a report posted on the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Web site.

 

Cleopatra, Mark Antony's tombs may have been found Archaeologists think they may be close to locating the graves of the doomed lovers Cleopatra and Mark Antony in a temple on the Mediterranean Sea just west of Alexandria, Egypt. Last year, archaeologists from Egypt and the Dominican Republic found the remains of a cemetery near the temple of Taposiris Magna, 17 miles west of Alexandria. The cemetery has so far yielded 27 tombs and 10 mummies, two of them gilded. Such cemeteries are common near royal tombs. The team has also found a damaged bust of Cleopatra, 22 coins bearing her image and a funerary mask that is believed to be of Mark Antony.

 

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Irish Independent: Wood you believe it? Stonehenge find at Tara SCIENTISTS have unearthed what appears to be a mammoth wooden version of the famous Stonehenge monument at the Hill of Tara. In a revealing new RTE documentary, many theories and insights into the country’s prehistoric past and 150,000 ancient monuments are unveiled and explained. For the first time, people will be able to view a computer-generated recreation of what archaeologists believe was a major wooden structure — a version of Britain’s Stonehenge — at the ancient seat of the Irish high kings in the Hill of Tara in Co Meath.  Archaeologist Joe Fenwick revealed a LiDAR (Light Detecting and Ranging) laser beam had been used to scan the ground surface to create a three-dimensional map, which revealed more than 30 monuments around Tara.

 

 

Scotland's most ancient home found – at 14,000 years old AMATEUR archaeologists have uncovered evidence of Scotland's oldest human settlement, dating back 14,000 years.The team dug up tools that have been shown to date from the end of the last Ice Age. It is the first time there has been proof that humans lived in Scotland during the upper paleolithic period. This was a time when nomadic humans hunted giant Elk and reindeer using bows and arrows, and when mammoth and rinos roamed the land.

 

 

 

Ancient Finds Gallery photo gallery of recent archological finds of ancient civilizations

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Ancient tomb rediscovered under sands of Egypt Undated handout photo shows one of the mummies recently uncovered by Egyptian archaeologists at a site in the desert on the western side of the famous Step Pyramid of Saqqara. Egyptian archaeologists have found about 30 mummies and at least one unopened sarcophagus in a burial chamber about 4,300 years old, the government said in a statement on Monday.

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A wooden anthropomorphic sarcophaguses found by Japanese archaeologists working in Egypt in the Sakkara necropolis, about 25 km (15 miles) south of Cairo, is seen in this undated handout photo released February 26, 2009. The team from Waseda University in Tokyo have found four wooden sarcophaguses and associated grave goods which could date back up to 3,300 years, the Egyptian government said on Thursday.

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Were dinosaurs contemporary with humans?

Ancient Egyptian City Spotted From Space Satellites hovering above Egypt have zoomed in on a 1,600-year-old metropolis, archaeologists say. (article June 2007)

Ancient Mayan Canals Possibly Spotted in Satellite Images (excerpts) The vibrant "Classic Period" of Mayan civilization thrived for six centuries. Then, for some reason, it collapsed. Sever suspects that these ancient canals were part of a system devised by the Maya to manage water in the bajos so that they could farm this land.(16 November 2004)

 

Canada's Stonehenge: scientist says Alberta sun temple has 5,000-year-old calendar EDMONTON - An academic maverick is challenging conventional wisdom on Canada's prehistory by claiming an archeological site in southern Alberta is really a vast, open-air sun temple with a precise 5,000-year-old calendar predating England's Stonehenge and Egypt's pyramids

 

 

 

 

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HISTORY OF PALESTINE Palestine is one of the most ancient homelands of humankind. There is evidence that Palestine was inhabited almost two hundred thousand years ago. With the beginning of the Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic period) circa 12,000 BC, humans in Palestine began to raise animals, to farm and produce handcrafts. For example, the skull of a dog, a picture of a bull carved into a bone and a sculpted piece of human skull, all dating back to that period, were found in the caves of Carmel.

Ainu, First People of Japan, The Original & First Japanese Ainu, First Peoples of Japan. The Ainu arrived in Japan maybe 14,000 years ago, 10,000 years before the Japanese. They were killed, enslaved and driven off their lands, taking refuge in the norther...

 

http://www.brainmind.com/

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Stonehenge in Lake Michigan?

U.S. archeologists find possible mastodon carving on Lake Michigan rock

The iconic Stonehenge in the UK is one of the most famous prehistoric monuments in the world, but it is not the only stone formation of its kind. Similar stone alignments have been found throughout England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales… and now, it seems, in Lake Michigan.

According to BLDGBLOG, in 2007, Mark Holley, professor of underwater archeology at Northwestern Michigan College, discovered a series of stones arranged in a circle 40 feet below the surface of Lake Michigan. One stone outside the circle seems to have carvings that resemble a mastodon—an elephant-like animal that went extinct about 10,000 years ago.

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Mystery surrounds north Ga. ruins FORT MOUNTAIN STATE PARK, Ga. --

The remains of the 855-foot stone wall that gives Fort Mountain its name wind like a snake around the northeast Georgia park, and its very presence begs a question: Who put them there? A Cherokee legend attributes the wall to a mysterious band of "moon-eyed people" led by a Welsh prince named Madoc who appeared in the area more than 300 years before Columbus sailed to America. A plaque at the wall says matter-of-factly it was built by Madoc and his Welsh followers, but most professional archeologists give no credence to the legend.

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The Baigong Pipes- Nature or OOPart? We're all familiar with the concept of modern technology having ancient Chinese analogues. But a 2002 discovery in remote Qinghai province is anachronistic enough to constitute an OOPart. Out-of-place-artifacts are so unusual, or found in such improbable contexts, that mainstream science has no plausible explanation for them. The crystal skulls of Mexico referenced in the latest Indiana Jones movie, the iron pillar of Delhi, and the ancient Greek Antikythera mechanism are examples of OOPart yet to be explained. Like these, the pipes of Qinghai's Mount Baigong suggest a level of technology simply inconceivable for the apparent era of their manufacture. Those open-minded enough to think "extraterrestrial" when searching for a theory, while often dismissed out-of-hand, have like-minded souls in some of the Chinese scientists investigating....more

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2008/04/08 An extraordinary discovery of a place of worship dating back to 9000 B.C.
In the south of Turkey, in Göbekli Tepe, in an area well-known as "Mount of belly button", a giant and mysterious work of architecture has been brought to light by an equipe of researchers from Dai (German Archeological Institute of Istanbul) and from the museum of Urfa, under the direction of Klaus Schmidt, a German archaeologist.....more

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In search of lost time - the Antikythera mechanism deciphered The complex mechanism of this ancient astronomical clock has been reconstructed thanks to high-resolution X-ray tomografy analysis. The result, obtained by a British, Greek and American interdisciplinary team unveiled a mechanism even more sophisticated that formerly believed. This is nothing less than the Antikythera mechanism, the oldest mechanical instrument ever discovered, which has led historians to reconsider their views concerning the technological knowledge possessed by the ancient Greeks.
The most important result, however, has been the discovery of a new and surprising operational feature of the artifact - a mechanism designed to calculate solar and lunar eclipses - according to Babylonian astronomical knowledge, together with and an ingenious mechanical verification of the irregularities of the Moon’s orbit in keeping with the theory of Hipparchus of Nicea....more

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YONAGUNI MONUMENT The Yonaguni monument, sometimes incorrectly called a pyramid, lies in about thirty meters of water, south of the Japanese island of Yonaguni (more on its discovery here); in fact Yonaguni is much more closer to Taiwan than Japan, see the bottom picture. The monument, 150 meters in length, looks like a multi-layered platform, with all kinds of connecting "staircases", that seems to have some ceremonial purpose; around it are many other, smaller constructions that look equally artificial. The following picture collage, from a German website, provides a quick overview of the main features that make part of the monument and its surroundings. These pictures look slightly electronically sharpened compared with the other underwater images (or else they had almost perfect diving conditions), but they do not really modify what is there. A further look at the monument and its site is best started with overviews and maps of the site to make sense of what you see in the more detailed galleries.....more

 

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The Windover Archaelogical Research Project The site was discovered in 1982 when a backhoe operator discovered human bones in the black peat he was digging from the bottom of a pond. The developers, after being advised by the county medical examiner that the bones were very old and not the product of a recent mass murder, realized that the materials might be of archaeological significance, so they contacted the anthropology department of Florida State University. The developers--EKS Corporation--paid for radiocarbon dating on two samples. The first piece showed an age of 7,330 years, plus or minus 100 years, and the second showed an age of 7,210 years, plus or minus 100 years. Radiocarbon dating over the three seasons of excavation indicated ages ranging from 6,990 years to 8,120 years, plus or minus 70 years.

The pond has proved to be one of the most important and productive "wet" archaeological site in the history of the nation. Scientists from around the world have taken part in the study, preservation, and analysis of materials taken from the pond....more

THE WINDOVER STORY

An exhibition of Archaic Man

 

 

 

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1,800-year-old chariot found in Bulgaria

A part of a 1,800-year-old bronze chariot, seen, at an ancient Thracian tomb near the village of Karanovo, east of the Bulgarian capital Sofia, Friday, Nov. 21, 2008. Archaeologists have unearthed a well-preserved 1,800-year-old bronze chariot at an ancient Thracian tomb in southeastern Bulgaria, the head of the excavation said Friday. Along with the chariot, which was decorated with scenes from mythology, the team unearthed well-preserved wooden and leather objects, some of which the archaeologists believe were horse harnesses

 

 

 

 

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A handout photo given by the Greek Culture Ministry shows the remains of a rare Stone Age homestead left undisturbed for nearly 6,000 years.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Alpine melt reveals ancient lifeMelting alpine glaciers are revealing fascinating clues to Neolithic life in the high mountains. Now, more dramatic findings from the 2,756m Schnidejoch glacier in Switzerland have confirmed the theory. "We now have the complete bow equipment, quiver and arrows," says Mr Hafner "And we have, surprisingly, a lot of organic material like leather, parts of shoes and a trouser leg, that we wouldn't normally find." ...more

 

 

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Cemetery remains show that now-barren Sahara Desert was once green and populated A tiny woman and two children were laid to rest on a bed of flowers 5,000 years ago in what is now the barren Sahara Desert. The slender arms of the youngsters were still extended to the woman in perpetual embrace when researchers discovered their skeletons in a remarkable cemetery that is providing clues to two civilizations who lived there, a thousand years apart, when the region was moist and green

 

 

 

 

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Revealed: Britain's secret treasure trove of stone age rock art More than 100 elaborate carvings dating back thousands of years have been discovered on rocks and boulders in the North of England.

The Neolithic art - found at several sites across Durham and Northumberland - includes a series of intricate designs of concentric circles, interlocking rings and hollowed cups.

 

 

 

 

 

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Researchers open secret cave under Mexican pyramid Archeologists are opening a cave sealed for more than 30 years deep beneath a Mexican pyramid to look for clues about the mysterious collapse of one of ancient civilization's largest cities. The soaring Teotihuacan stone pyramids, now a major tourist site about an hour outside Mexico City, were discovered by the ancient Aztecs around 1500 AD, not long before the arrival of Spanish explorers to Mexico. Teotihuacan is Mexico's oldest major archeological site and during its heyday in 500 AD, the city was home to some 200,000 people, rivaling the size of ancient Rome at that time, according to archeologists.

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Head of Roman empress unearthed Archaeologists digging in Turkey have found the colossal marble head of a Roman empress. It was discovered in a rubble-filled building where parts of a huge statue of the emperor Hadrian were unearthed last year. The discovery, at the ancient site of Sagalassos, is thought to show Faustina the Elder, wife of Roman emperor Antoninus Pius.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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The statue of the emperor Hadrian was unearthed last year

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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2,000-year-old gold earring found in Jerusalem
A luxurious gold, pearl and emerald earring provides a new visual clue about the life of the elite in Jerusalem some 2,000 years ago. And its discovery was a true eureka moment for excavators.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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The Sphinx / Egypt

The Origins of Man, who are we really, where did we come from?

Achievements of Black Civilizations